Architecture_study

Contextual questions to keep in mind for architecture:
What is the function?
In which era or period was it built?
Who was the patron?
What type of plan?
What is the structure or engineering system?
What is the aesthetic? (ornamentation, style, vocabulary)
How is the building sited? (reason for orientation, cardinal pts, direction, relationship to other structures, etc.)
How did one enter the building?
Describe special features of the interior space.
How does one move through the building?

Complete the chart to use as a study guide for architecture in all content areas:

Content Area	Building	Era/ Period/ Architect	Location	Dates	Function	Patron	Orientation	Plan type	Structure type and material	Entry & Movement through building	Special features/ aesthetics
1	8. Stonehenge. Wiltshire, UK. Sandstone.	Neolithic Europe	Salsbury Plain, England	c. 2500–1600 B.C.E.	Solar calendar/ worship	- - -x - -	Towards the East	central	Post & lintel trilithons cromlech		Summer solstice Sun rises over heel-stone
2	12. White Temple and its ziggurat.	Sumerian	Uruk (modern Warka, Iraq)	c. 3500–3000 B.C.E.	temple on top of solid structural base				solid mound of mud brick.	bent axis approach
2	17. Great Pyramids (Menkaure, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx.	Old Kingdom Egyptian,	Giza, Egypt	c. 2550–2490 B.C.E. Fourth Dynasty.	tomb	Menkaure, Khafre, Khufu	pyramids aligned with the cardinal points		Cut limestone
2	20. Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall.	New Kingdom Egyptian	Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt	Temple: c. 1550 B.C.E. Hall: c. 1250 B.C.E.	Temple	18th and 19th Dynasties			Hypostyle Hall. Cut sandstone and mud brick.
2	21. Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut.	New Kingdom Egyptian	Near Luxor, Egypt.	18th Dynasty. c.1473–1458 B.C.E.	Mortuary temple and Rock-cut tomb	Hatshepsut			Sandstone, partially carved into a rock cliff, and red granite.
2	26. Athenian agora. Plan.	Archaic through Hellenistic Greek.		600 B.C.E.–150 C.E.
2	30. Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes.	Persian.	Persepolis, Iran	c. 520–465 B.C.E.	Audience Hall	Darius and Xerxes			Hypostyle Hall Limestone.
2	35. Acropolis, including the Parthenon	Iktinos and Kallikrates	Athens, Greece.	c. 447–410 B.C.E. Classical Greece	Temples				Marble.
2	38. Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon.	Hellenistic Greek.	Asia Minor (present-day Turkey).	c. 175 B.C.E.	altar				Marble (architecture and sculpture).
2	44. Colosseum	Imperial Roman	Rome, Italy	70–80 C.E.	Flavian Amphitheater	Flavius			Amphitheater Stone and concrete.
2	45. Forum of Trajan.	Apollodorus of Damascus	Rome, Italy.	Forum and markets: 106–112 C.E.; column completed 113 C.E.	Forum, markets, and commemorative column				Brick and concrete (architecture); marble (column).
2	46. Pantheon	Imperial Roman	Rome, Italy.	118–125 C.E.	temple to all gods				Concrete with stone facing. Dome with oculus
3	48. Catacomb of Priscilla	Late Antique Europe	Rome, Italy	c. 200–400 C.E.	tomb				Catacomb Excavated tufa and fresco.
3	49. Santa Sabina	Late Antique Europe	Rome, Italy	c. 422–432 C.E.	Christian Church			basilica plan	Brick and stone, wooden roof.
3	51. San Vitale	Early Byzantine Europe	Ravenna, Italy.	c. 526–547 C.E.	Christian Church	Justinian		central plan	Brick, marble, and stone veneer; mosaic.	bent axis
3	52. Hagia Sophia	Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus	Constantinople (Istanbul)	532–537 C.E.	Christian Church	Justinian		central plan combined with basilica plan	Brick and ceramic elements with stone and mosaic veneer.

Don't stop here! Use Word or Google docs and add more rows. The complete chart, up to the 20th century, will be due in April.

greatbuildings.com